Isinxibo seMidlalo

Isishwankathelo sempahla yezemidlalo
Ngokutsho kweempawu zemidlalo eyahlukeneyo, imimiselo, iimbaleki kunye nezinye izinto, kunye nokuhambelana neemfuno zempahla yezemidlalo kunye nezinto ezinxulumene nazo zokuhombisa. Kubandakanywa iimpahla, izihlangu, iminqwazi, iikawusi, iiglavu, izikhafu, iibhegi, izincedisi zeenwele, izacholo, iiambrela njalo njalo. Iimpahla zezemidlalo zineendidi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-19 ukuya kwi-21 yenkulungwane, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempawu, ubomi bemihla ngemihla bungenye yezinto ezifunekayo.

Ulwazi olusisiseko
Igama lesiTshayina, isinxibo sezemidlalo, iPinyin Yundongfushi igama langaphandle kwezeMidlalo, iimpahla zezemidlalo, iPinyin Yundong Fushi, iimpahla zesingesi zezemidlalo ngokweempawu zemidlalo eyahlukeneyo, imithetho yokhuphiswano, iimbaleki ukumila komzimba kunye nezinye izinto kunye nokukhokelela kwiimfuno zokhuphiswano kwaye zenziwe ngempahla kunye nokuhombisa ezinxulumeneyo. izinto. Kubandakanywa, iimpahla, izihlangu, iminqwazi, iikawusi, iiglavu, izikhafu, iibhegi, izincedisi zeenwele, izacholo, iiambrela njalo njalo.

Ukuhlelwa
Ukusonga ngokwenjongo, iimpahla zezemidlalo zokuzonwabisa, ezisetyenziswa njengempahla yokunxiba eqhelekileyo, zinokunika umntu ozinxibileyo ukukhanya kunye nemvakalelo edlamkileyo. Isinxibo seMidlalo Yabantu Abangaqeqeshwanga, isinxibo, njengevesti, iibhulukhwe ezimfutshane, okanye iiteki, ezenzelwe iimfuno zokwenyama zabantu abathanda imidlalo. Isinxibo soBuchule beMidlalo, iimpahla ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa umdlalo, njengebhola ekhatywayo, iYoga, ibhola yomnyazi, impahla yezemidlalo yangaphandle, njl. Ukusonga ngokwendalo, intshukumo yeVölkisch, ilungele uninzi lwabantu abanxibe iimpahla zemidlalo, ukusetyenziswa kuqhelekile. Imidlalo yeFashoni, ilungele ukusukela ifashoni yamadoda nabasetyhini, ukuze iimpahla zemidlalo zinxibe ifashoni ethe kratya, kwaye emva koko ikhokele umkhwa.

Imbali
Kumaxesha amandulo, xa abantu bethatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo banxiba iimpahla ezisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ukuze kube lula ukwenza imisebenzi, maxa wambi besonga imikhono kunye nemilenze yebhulukhwe. Emva kokuba nomdlalo osemthethweni wezemidlalo, ngokuthe ngcembe kwavela iimpahla ezikhethekileyo zemidlalo. Ngexesha lasentwasahlobo kunye ne-Autumn kunye nexesha laMazwe alwayo, i-China yayinesinxibo sayo sokudubula. Xa amagcisa okulwa ayeqhelisela ubugcisa bokulwa kwimihla yamandulo, inkoliso yawo yayinxiba isinxibo esikhethekileyo. Xa imidlalo yanamhlanje yaqalisa ukuqaliswa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, iTshayina yayingenazo iimpahla ezikhethekileyo zemidlalo ezihambelana nayo. Ngowe-1902, komnye wemidlalo yokuqala eyayibanjelwe eTianjin, abadlali banxiba iimpahla zokunxiba: abanye banxiba iimpahla ezinkulu nezityebileyo, kodwa iibhulukhwe ezimfutshane; abanye banxiba iibhulukhwe ezimfutshane okanye ezimfutshane kunye. Emva kweMidlalo yeSizwe ye-1914, kwagqitywa ukuba iimbaleki kufuneka zinxibe i-tank top kunye neebhulukhwe ezimfutshane xa zikhuphisana kukhuphiswano olusemthethweni. Ngokubhekiselele kubadlali ababhinqileyo abanxibe iitanki eziphakamileyo kunye neebhulukhwe ezimfutshane, bekunjalo ukusukela kwimidlalo yesizwe ye1930.

Uphuhliso
Amazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo ezemidlalo kwihlabathi, afaka ukubaluleka okukhulu kwisifundo sempahla yezemidlalo. Iimfuno zeMpahla Ukukhanya, ukuvala, ukuthambile, ukuguquguquka okuhle, ukwenzela ukuba udlale inqanaba lobugcisa bezemidlalo, isitayela esihle kunye nesisa. IJamani, iJapan, iUnited States kunye nezinye iimpahla zezemidlalo, iimpahla zeHockey zaseDanish, iFransi kunye namanye amazwe iimpahla zokukhwela intaba, iisuti zokuqubha e-Australia, zineenzuzo zabo kunye neempawu zabo. I-China ibikade inemizi-mveliso embalwa egxile kwimpahla yezemidlalo, imbalwa kwimveliso kwaye imbalwa ngokwahlukileyo. Emva kokusekwa komsitho weRiphabhlikhi yaBantu baseTshayina, ukuveliswa kweempahla zemidlalo kwakhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngoku i-China iye yakwazi ukuvelisa ezifanelekileyo kwiimpahla ezahlukeneyo zezemidlalo, kwimveliso inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zemarike yasekhaya. IShanghai, iTianjin, iQingdao kunye nezinye iindawo zivelisa iimpahla zemidlalo ezisemgangathweni olungileyo, ezinye zifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lehlabathi, ezinye iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu zithunyelwa kumazwe amaninzi emhlabeni.

Ukuma
Kwiinjongo zabathengi abanokubakho, ukuba uphawu olusentliziyweni yabathengi luthathe indawo, kunye neenyani ezikhoyo ezinxulumene neyodwa kunye nemvakalelo yexabiso. Umtsalane wempahla yempahla, unokonwabela uninzi lwempahla eqhelekileyo ayinayo izibonelelo: umntu wakha wathi “ibrand ngumthwali wexabiso. “. Ihlabathi lezemali, uhlalutyo lwe-BCG lwe-10 yexabiso lempahla yempahla yaseMelika, sinokuqonda ukuba ezi zinto ziyaziwa, ixabiso leencwadi zempahla yempahla eyaziwayo, liphezulu kakhulu kunokuthengiswa kwayo kwimarike. Ngokuhambelana nophuhliso lweleli yokunyaniseka kweBrand, uphawu lwempahla lube nabathengi abathembekileyo, abathengi kufuneka baqale bavumele uphawu njengezalamane, abahlobo abanjalo.